Cleanroom · Step 03

Photolithography

Patterning with the Heidelberg MLA, a maskless aligner widely used in research because it allows fast prototyping.

Maskless lithography

  • The Heidelberg MLA writes the pattern directly from the design file, with no photomask. That makes it fast to iterate on device layouts.
  • I design GFET layouts in KLayout and expose them on the MLA.
  • Exposure dose runs 250–350 mJ/cm², tuned to the resist thickness.
  • After exposure the wafer goes to development (see photoresist and surface profile).

For the theory behind lithography, including masks, resolution, and EUV, see my photolithography study notes.

Heidelberg MLA maskless aligner.
Heidelberg MLA maskless aligner.